Insights Into Contamination Patterns and Decontamination Gaps on Firefighter Turnout Gear

Ernest N. Morial New Orleans Convention Center 

Firefighters face repeated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which accumulate on turnout gear and remain a source of secondary exposure. This study presents the first time-series investigation in Taiwan of PAH contamination following real-world fire responses. Wipe samples were collected from four fire stations in New Taipei City, Taiwan, across outer shells, inner liners, and helmets.

Results showed gear from high-intensity incidents contained the broadest range of PAHs, often exceeding ten species per sample. Outer shells exhibited the highest contamination, while individual variability suggested that roles, duration, and gear condition influenced exposure loads. Follow-up sampling over four days revealed that PAHs decreased over time but not uniformly. Lighter compounds such as naphthalene dissipated more quickly, while higher-molecular-weight species such as chrysene and benz(a)anthracene persisted. Notably, toxic equivalent (TEQ) values remained above background on Day 4, indicating incomplete clearance by natural dissipation.

These findings confirm that PAH residues are widespread and persistent. Current cleaning practices are insufficient to remove contamination effectively, highlighting the need for improved decontamination technologies, targeted cleaning of high-risk areas, and evidence-based policies to reduce firefighters' cumulative exposure and long-term cancer risk.

S-K Lin, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taiepi City, Taiwan
W-M Chu, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan
C-P Chang, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan 

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Exposure Assessment

Personal protective equipment