4. Systematic review and evaluation of meta-analysis methods for same data meta-analyses in multiverse

COEX 

Researchers using task-fMRI data have access to a wide range of analysis tools to model brain activity. This diversity of analytical approaches has been shown to have substantial effects on neuroimaging results (Botvinik-Nezer et al., 2020; Bowring et al., 2018; Carp, 2012; Glatard et al., 2015). Combined with selective reporting, this analytical flexibility can lead to an inflated rate of false positives and contributes to the irreproducibility of neuroimaging findings (Poldrack et al., 2017). Multiverse analyses are a way to systematically explore and integrate pipeline variation on a given dataset. We focus on the setting where multiple statistic maps are produced as an output of a set of analyses. Meta-analysis is a natural approach to extract consensus inferences from these maps, yet the traditional assumption of independence amongst input datasets does not hold. In this work we consider a suite of methods to conduct meta-analysis in the multiverse setting, accounting for inter-pipeline dependence among the results.