Braincharting autism and ADHD reveals age- and sex- specific effects

COEX 

Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with complex underlying neurobiology, and neuroanatomical alterations have been reported in both [1–3]. Both conditions show significant sex and age modulations on neuroanatomy [3,4], which are not yet fully understood. Normative modelling is an emerging technique that provides a unified framework for studying age- and sex-specific divergence in brain development in a common space [5]. We aimed to characterise regional cortical and global neuroanatomy in autism and ADHD, as well as sex and age differences, benchmarked against models of typical brain development based on a sample of over 75,000 individuals.