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A Computational Study on Non-Invasive Temporal Interfering Neurostimulation in the Deep Brain

Poster No:

Submission Type:

Abstract Submission

Authors:

YOUNGSEOB SEO¹

Institutions:

¹Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of

First Author:

YOUNGSEOB SEO
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
Daejeon, Korea, Republic of

Introduction:

Drug treatments based on chemical compounds have played a crucial role in addressing brain diseases. However, each year, over 2 million adverse events related to medications are reported. Despite significant advancements in reducing the side effects of drug therapies, adverse interactions can still occur, particularly when multiple medications are administered concurrently. These interactions often lead to reduced medication adherence, complicating the maintenance of effective treatment. To address the challenges and limitations associated with drug treatments, the concept of "electroceuticals" was introduced in 2013. This term encompasses technologies and electronic devices that modulate brain and neural signals through electrical stimulation, providing alternatives or complements to traditional medications. Prominent brain stimulation technologies include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, transcranial ultrasound stimulation, and optical stimulation techniques. However, these methods are not without their own side effects and limitations. As a result, there is a pressing need for the development of safer and more effective technologies capable of selectively targeting deep brain tissues or regions. Such advancements should aim to minimize side effects while surpassing the limitations of existing brain stimulation techniques.

Methods:

To achieve non-invasive and effective stimulation of the desired deep brain regions, multiple electric fields with different high frequencies are applied using multiple electrodes. However, deep brain stimulation using a single pair of electrodes has limitations in effectively targeting the desired deep brain areas. This study investigates whether it is possible to achieve effective stimulation of the desired deep brain regions by utilizing two or more pairs of electrodes. The target area for deep brain stimulation is the left hippocampus, which is associated with severe movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. For non-invasive and effective stimulation, two pairs of electrodes are used, each applying different frequencies of 2000 Hz and 2005 Hz, respectively. The electric current amplitude is set at 1 mA. The electrode pairs are positioned as follows: one pair (E1) at FT9 and T8, and the other pair (E2) at TP9 and PO8, based on the 10-10 EEG system.

Results:

The simulation results of non-invasive deep brain stimulation targeting the left hippocampus, associated with Parkinson's disease, are shown in Figure 1. As illustrated in Figure 1, two electric fields are generated through the temporal interference of the yellow and blue electrodes, resulting in brain stimulation (gold color). Notably, the results confirm that the left hippocampus, the target deep brain region (red color), is being stimulated non-invasively and effectively.

·Figure 1. Simulation results of neurostimulation in the left hippocampus region via two pairs of electrodes

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that it is not only possible to effectively stimulate the deep brain region, the hippocampus, using two pairs of electrode pads, but also that the method can be applied to other desired deep brain regions.

Brain Stimulation:

Deep Brain Stimulation ¹

Non-invasive Electrical/tDCS/tACS/tRNS ²

Keywords:

Aging

Memory

Treatment

^1|2Indicates the priority used for review

Abstract Information

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Please indicate which methods were used in your research:

Computational modeling

Provide references using APA citation style.

Grossman, N. (2017). Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields. Cell, 169, 1029-1041

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