Poster No:
645
Submission Type:
Abstract Submission
Authors:
Maaya Miyauchi1, Yuki Tsuji2, Sotaro Shimada1
Institutions:
1Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji university, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 2Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji Univ., Kawasaki, Kanagawa
First Author:
Maaya Miyauchi
Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji university
Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Co-Author(s):
Yuki Tsuji
Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji Univ.
Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Sotaro Shimada
Department of Electronics and Bioinformatics, School of Science and Technology, Meiji university
Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Introduction:
Mindfulness meditation is known to reduce anxiety and stress, but also increase altruism (Wallmark et al., 2013), includes various methods such as breathing and compassion meditation. Previous studies showed that both breathing meditation training (Iwamoto et al., 2020) and compassion meditation training (Desbordes et al., 2012) increase altruism. However, it has not been fully investigated direct comparisons of altruism between breathing and compassion meditation.
The ultimatum game (UG) has been widely used to assess altruistic behavior. In the UG, the proposer decides on either a fair or unfair division of a monetary sum. Accepting an unfair offer, despite personal disadvantage, is considered an indicator of altruistic behavior. The unfair offers elicited a stronger P200 compared to fair offers (Ouyang et al., 2021). In this study, we compared P200 during UG before and after meditation training to investigate whether different mindfulness meditation methods have modified individuals' altruism.
Methods:
Twenty healthy adults (13 females, mean age = 21.7 years, SD = 0.98) with no prior meditation experience were randomly assigned to either the compassion meditation group (CG) or the breathing meditation group (BG). Participants underwent a 4-week online meditation training program, which included daily 10-minute online mindfulness training and weekly group meetings.
In the UG, participants acted as responders and decided whether to accept or reject monetary offers proposed by a proposer. The offers were fair (50:50 yen, 60:40 yen) or unfair (80:20 yen, 90:10 yen), each presented 36 times. Additionally, a 70:30 yen offer was included 18 times to introduce variance and ensure that participants were not exclusively presented with strictly fair or unfair distributions.
Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded from 32 scalp sites located according to the extended international 10/20 system during resting states and while participants performed the UG, both before and after the training period.
The EEG data were conducted pre-processing via independent component analysis to remove artifacts. EEG data were extracted from epochs spanning 200 ms before to 800 ms after the onset of the offer, with a 200 ms pre-stimulus baseline used for normalization. The amplitude of P200 component at was determined at the largest value of positive peak in a time window of 100 - 300 ms.
Results:
To test the effect of meditation training on the P200 amplitude at Fz during UG, a three-way ANOVA with ART was performed with Group (BG or CG) as the between-subjects factor, Period (pre- or post-training) and Offer (fair or unfair) as the within-subject factors. The three-way ANOVA with ART revealed a significant interaction between Group and Period (F(1, 15) = 4.59, p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.234). Post-hoc analysis (simple main effect tests using Wilcoxon's rank test) revealed that significant main effects of Period in CG (Z = 112, p < 0.05, r = 0.383) and Group at post-training (Z = 206, p < 0.05, r = 0.367). That is, the post-training P200 amplitude in CG was smaller than its pre-training amplitude, as well as than the post-training P200 amplitude in BG.
Conclusions:
This study showed that the P200 amplitude in the frontal region (Fz) during UG was reduced in the post-training period compared to the pre-training period in CG but not in BG. A previous study reported that the P200 amplitude reflects attentional processing in response to negative emotional stimuli, with negative emotional stimuli eliciting higher P200 amplitude compared to positive stimuli (Carretié et al., 2001). Thus, our findings suggest that, after compassion meditation, the offer may no longer be processed as a negative stimulus. The current result that the post-training P200 amplitude in CG was smaller than in BG implies that the two meditation practices may exert distinct influences on neural responses associated with altruism.
Emotion, Motivation and Social Neuroscience:
Social Cognition 1
Higher Cognitive Functions:
Decision Making 2
Keywords:
Electroencephaolography (EEG)
Other - meditation; ultimatum game; ERP;
1|2Indicates the priority used for review
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Please indicate below if your study was a "resting state" or "task-activation” study.
Task-activation
Healthy subjects only or patients (note that patient studies may also involve healthy subjects):
Healthy subjects
Was this research conducted in the United States?
No
Were any human subjects research approved by the relevant Institutional Review Board or ethics panel?
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Yes
Were any animal research approved by the relevant IACUC or other animal research panel?
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Please indicate which methods were used in your research:
EEG/ERP
Behavior
Provide references using APA citation style.
1. Carretié, L. et al. (2001). Emotion, attention, and the 'negativity bias', studied through event-related potentials. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 41(1), 75-85.
2. Desbordes, G. et al. (2012). Effects of mindful-attention and compassion meditation training on amygdala response to emotional stimuli in an ordinary, non-meditative state. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 292.
3. Iwamoto, S. K. et al. (2020). Mindfulness meditation activates altruism. Scientific Reports, 10, 6511.
4. Ouyang, H. et al. (2021). Empathy-based tolerance towards poor norm violators in third-party punishment. Experimental Brain Research, 239(7), 2171–2180.
5. Wallmark, E. et al. (2013). Promoting altruism through meditation: An 8-week randomized controlled pilot study. Mindfulness, 4(3), 223–234.
No