Ethnic Identity Profiles in Adolescents: Resting State Functional Connectivity and Discrimination
Poster No:
672
Submission Type:
Abstract Submission
Authors:
Taylor Jancetic1, Chloe Hampson1, Micaela Lembo1, Donisha Smith1, Julio Peraza1, Alan Meca2, Angela Laird1
Institutions:
1Florida International University, Miami, FL, 2University of Texas-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
First Author:
Co-Author(s):
Introduction:
Ethnic identity (EI) refers to how individuals perceive and experience themselves in the context of social groups, racial background, or culture (Phinney & Ong., 2007). EI is positively associated with psychological well-being (Rivas-Drake et al., 2014) and negatively associated with depression and anxiety (Forstmeier et al., 2021). Those with strong EI display resiliency to the negative effects of discrimination on psychological well-being (Urzúa et al., 2021). Phinney's model describes four profiles for how people put effort into, participate in, and reflect upon their EI (Phinney, 1989), which include: 1) diffuse (little to no exploration of or commitment to EI), 2) foreclosed (little to no exploration of, but commitment to EI), 3) moratorium (engaged exploration but no commitment to EI), and 4) achieved (engaged exploration resulting in commitment to EI). Despite prior work addressing EI and psychosocial outcomes (Romero et al., 2004), few studies have considered its neurobiological underpinnings. Thus, to address this gap, in the current study, we examine resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) differences across profiles of ethnic identity and perceived discrimination.
Methods:
We used a latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine EI profiles among the demographically diverse participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Additionally, a linear mixed modeling (LMM) approach was used to examine how EI profiles may be associated with between- and within-network rsFC from the 13-network Gordon parcellation. Finally, we extended our model by including an interaction term to investigate how the EI profiles interact with perceived discrimination to affect rsFC.
Results:
The LPA identified five profiles corresponding to Phinney's model with slight variations of diffuse and achieved ethnic identity, including high and moderate levels. Additionally, no moratorium profile was identified. Significant between-network connectivity for the frontoparietal (FPN) and salience (SN) networks was observed in the highly diffuse ethnic identity profile (β = 0.102, SE = 0.03, t(1886.53) = 3.38, p = 0.0007) (Figure 1). Regarding the interaction between perceived discrimination and EI, the highly diffuse ethnic identity profile was found to be significantly related to default mode (DMN) and SN between–network connectivity (β = 0.012, SE = 0.005, t(1959.15) = 2.171, p = 0.03) (Figure 2).
Conclusions:
The LPA results suggest adolescents within the highly diffuse profile may experience little to no exploration and commitment to EI; whereas, those within the moderately diffuse ethnic identity may experience mild exploration and commitment to EI. Regarding rsFC, those with highly diffuse ethnic identity and associated FPN–SN connectivity may experience more dynamic decision-making processes, immediate, short-term emotional salience and contextual factors, which may contribute to indecisiveness and a lack of consistent long-term goal orientation (Rens et al., 2017). When considering discrimination, heightened DMN-SN connectivity may enhance capacity for self-monitoring by enabling individuals to detect and respond to socially salient information in reference to self (Ribeiro da Costa et al., 2022). These results provide evidence that the complex fluctuation of social and self concept, like in cases of discrimination, is associated with highly dynamic states of affective processing (Rivas-Drake et al., 2014), which can result in adaptive or maladaptive stress responsiveness (Aldao et al., 2010). Overall, this work emphasizes the need to nurture adaptive neural responses related to highly diffuse EI, as well as, provide strategies to combat maladaptive neural responses related to highly diffuse EI.
Emotion, Motivation and Social Neuroscience:
Self Processes
Social Neuroscience Other 1
Higher Cognitive Functions:
Higher Cognitive Functions Other 2
Modeling and Analysis Methods:
fMRI Connectivity and Network Modeling
Keywords:
Cognition
Development
Meta-Cognition
MRI
Open Data
Social Interactions
1|2Indicates the priority used for review
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Provide references using APA citation style.
Forstmeier, S., Fereydouni, S., & Doshmanzeiary, F. (2021). The Relationship between Ethnic Identity and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms in University Students in Iran. Psychology and Psychotherapy Research Study, 5(1).
Phinney, J.S., Ong, A.D., 2007. Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology 54, 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.54.3.271
Phinney, J.S., 1989. Stages of Ethnic Identity Development in Minority Group Adolescents [WWW Document]. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431689091004
Rens, N., Bode, S., Burianová, H., & Cunnington, R. (2017). Proactive Recruitment of Frontoparietal and Salience Networks for Voluntary Decisions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00610
Rens, N., Bode, S., Burianová, H., & Cunnington, R. (2017). Proactive Recruitment of Frontoparietal and Salience Networks for Voluntary Decisions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00610
Ribeiro da Costa, C., Soares, J. M., Oliveira-Silva, P., Sampaio, A., & Coutinho, J. F. (2022). Interplay Between the Salience and the Default Mode Network in a Social-Cognitive Task Toward a Close Other. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 718400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.718400
Rivas-Drake, D., Syed, M., Umaña-Taylor, A., Markstrom, C., French, S., Schwartz, S. J., Lee, R., & Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group. (2014). Feeling good, happy, and proud: A meta-analysis of positive ethnic-racial affect and adjustment. Child Development, 85(1), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12175
Romero, A.J., Edwards, L.M., Fryberg, S.A., Orduña, M., 2014. Resilience to discrimination stress across ethnic identity stages of development. J Applied Social Pyschol 44, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12192
Urzúa, A., Caqueo-Urízar, A., Henríquez, D., Domic, M., Acevedo, D., Ralph, S., Reyes, G., & Tang, D. (2021). Ethnic Identity as a Mediator of the Relationship between Discrimination and Psychological Well-Being in South—South Migrant Populations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2359. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052359